Organizational behavior Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Organizational behavior - Term Paper Example There are many factors that negatively affect the solidarity of the organizational behavior and most important of those factors are discussed in this paper while taking into consideration a Wal-Mart supercentre located in Ontario, Canada. The reasons of the success of the worldwide conglomerate like Wal-Mart are also illuminated. The factors that contribute to pandemonium in an organizational setup and that tarnish the organizational behavior and culture are identified and discussed in the paper. High absenteeism and poor motivation are distinguished as the most lethal factors that weaken the strength of organizational behavior. Various strategies are also presented that can play a major role in culmination of the poisonous factors like discrimination and reduced teamwork in an organization. This is the general consensus among employing organizations that motivating racial and gender diversity in workplaces has always been the ultimate need of the time. The more chances of diversity of cultures, races and religions in a workplace, the higher would be the rate of healthy competition among the employees. Promoting diversity is the key to improve the overall productivity owing to the positive aura built through zero discrimination. 2. Introduction: Organizational behavior involves the study of all the people working together at different levels in an organization for achieving common goals. It focuses on the individual behaviors of the members of an organization and analyzes how each of them perceives the concept of organizational culture and whether they share a common thinking approach for achieving any important target. It is an unambiguous fact that even healthy conflicts in an organizational context, which are not fraught with any ill intentions, can swiftly take a negative turn if those working in an organization start taking any critical comment as personal offence. Rotten biases and ill prejudices that are among the basic factors for polluting an organizat ion’s environment, originate from negative organizational behavior and for this purpose, deep analysis of the organizational behavior by some reputable organizational consultant from time to time is highly important. Economic crisis can result if the behaviors and creativities of the members working in an organization are channeled into individual modes rather than being channeled into a mode of common welfare for that organization. This paper lays stress on the deep understanding of organizational behavior and supports this fact by taking example of Wal-Mart discount superstores in Canada. Different aspects of Wal-Mart supercentres are discussed in this paper including their structure, culture, mission, and objectives. Conflicts in any organization can create immediate chaos if mixed with discrimination and bias, and such negative emotions demand the attention of organizational consultant, who assess the reasons of conflicts and negative organizational behavior. 3. Why Wal-M art is so successful all over the globe? Wal-Mart is basically an American multinational corporation that successfully runs hains of large departmental stores all over the globe. Sam Walton founded Wal-Mart and it was under his remarkable ruling that this small corporation changed into a worldwide conglomerate in the span of a few years. The unparallel success of Wal-Mart can be judged from the fact that it was considered to be the world’

The Causes That Led to the Revolutionary War Essay Example for Free

The Causes That Led to the Revolutionary War Essay The Revolutionary War began in 1775 between England and the American Colonies. The war ended in 1783 with the American Colonies gaining their independence from England. Even though it is a well-known event, the Boston Tea Party was only one cause of the Revolutionary War, there were many other events that led the two nations down the path that ended with the Revolutionary War. England began the path to war with the Proclamation Act of 1763 and continued to pass many other acts and laws that the colonists did not agree with and caused reactions that served to anger England. There were many causes that led to the Revolutionary War starting with the French and Indian War and ending with the First Continental Congress meeting. The French and Indian War was fought by many countries including England. England and France were fighting to have more control of the land in â€Å"North America, the Caribbean, and in India† (ushistory. org, 2012, paragraph 1). After many years of war, England won the war but the financial cost exceeded their available funds. England’s deficit led to increased laws and taxes on the colonies. â€Å"It was that debt that caused the escalation of tensions leading to the Revolutionary War† (ushistory. rg, 2012, The French and Indian War, paragraph 1). The first law that England enacted on the colonies was the Proclamation Act of 1763. This law â€Å"in effect, closed off the frontier to colonial expansion† (ushistory. org, 2012, Proclamation Act of 1763, paragraph 1). The King passed this law to ease the fears of the Indians. The Indians feared that the colonists were going to take over their land as they moved toward the west. The colonists, on the other hand, believed that the King only wanted them to stay â€Å"where they would be easier to regulate† (ushistory. org, 2012, Proclamation Act of 1763, paragraph 1). The second law that England enacted in regards to the colonies was the Sugar Act of 1765. â€Å"The Sugar Act reduced the rate of tax on molasses from six pence to three pence per gallon† (ushistory. org, 2012, Sugar Act of 1764, paragraph 1). Even though this reduced taxes on molasses, overall it added more goods to be taxed. â€Å"The combined effect of the new duties was to sharply reduce the trade with Madeira, the Azores, the Canary Islands, and the French West Indies, all important destination ports for lumber, flour, cheese, and assorted farm products† (ushistory. rg, 2012, Sugar Act of 1764, paragraph 1). The Quartering Act which the king passed in 1765 was not a tax, but served to escalate tensions. This act forced the colonists to house English soldiers in their homes. The colonists were required to provide everything that the soldiers needed. The colonists were not compensated for any of the expenses incurred by this act. The Quartering Act increased the hostility between the colonists and England (ushistory. org, 2012). In addition to the laws that had already been passed, England passed the Stamp Act and continued to pass more laws. The Stamp Act raised all taxes that the colonists were paying to England. Once the colonists learned about the Stamp Act, they formed the Sons of Liberty. â€Å"The Sons of Liberty was founded in the summer of 1765 by a group of shopkeepers and artisans in Boston† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, Sons of Liberty formed, paragraph 3). The Sons of Liberty wanted to keep England from being able to â€Å"enforce the Stamp Act† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, Sons of Liberty formed, paragraph 5). The actions of the Sons of Liberty caused England to bring the Stamp Act back to Congress for review. After debate they decided to repeal the act† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, Stamp Act Repealed, paragraph 1). â€Å"In 1766, a new government came into power in Great Britain† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, Townshend Acts Imposed, paragraph 2). Charles Townshend, the head of this government, came up with an idea to only tax items that were not that valuable in trade. Townshend only taxed items that he knew â€Å"were all items that were not produced in the colonies and would be difficult to smuggle† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, Townshend Acts Imposed, paragraph 2). These acts caused the colonists to respond with a boycott. The actions of the colonist in response to the Townshend Act convinced the British that they needed troops in Boston to help maintain order† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, British Troops Land in Boston, paragraph 1). The colonists were angered when they realized that the British troops were there â€Å"not to defend the colonists in times of war, but [to] pacify them† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, British Troops Land in Boston, paragraph 3). The colonists had finally had enough of the unjust actions and treatment at the hands of England and started making â€Å"taunts against British soldiers in Boston† (MultiEducator, Inc. 2000, Boston Massacre – 1770, paragraph 1). In response to these taunts, the British soldiers fired their guns at the colonists. When the British soldiers fired at the colonists, this led to â€Å"killing [three] instantly and wounding 11† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2000, Boston Massacre – 1770, paragraph 1). On the same day that the Boston massacre occurred, the British merchants were pressuring parliament to repeal the Townshend Act. The merchants wanted the act repealed because the colonists were boycotting English goods. The colonial boycott of British goods hurt British merchants in London and beyond† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, Townshend Act Repealed 1770, paragraph 2). The Townshend Act was repealed â€Å"on everything but tea† (MultiEducator, Inc, 2011, Townshend Acts Repealed 1770, paragraph 2). While the colonists were contending with taxes and quartering laws, they were also faced with British ships commandeering goods from their ships. There was a British ship called the Gaspee that patrolled the waters off of Rhode Island and would harass other colonial ships in the area. In response, â€Å"Lindsay lured the Gaspee into following him into shallow waters and the Gaspee ran aground† (MultiEducator, Inc, 2011, Colonist Burn Revenue Cutter Gaspee 1772, paragraph 1). Once the ship crashed a â€Å"small crew forced it and its captain to surrender. They then set the ship afire† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, Colonist Burn Revenue Cutter Gaspee 1772, paragraph 1). After the Gaspee was burned, yet again tension between the colonies and England escalated. England was still angered with the colonists over the burning of the Gaspee, so they forced the colonists â€Å"to accept a monopoly on the importation of tea† (MultiEducator, Inc. 2011, Boston Tea Party 1773, paragraph 2). England also wanted the colonists to get their tea, so that they could tax them on the tea. As to be expected this angered the colonists. â€Å"The colonists demanded that the tea be returned. However, the governor would not hear of it† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, Boston Tea Party 1773, paragraph 6). The colonists were so angered that they dressed up, made their ways to the ships and threw the tea overboard; an event that became known as the Boston Tea Party. The escalating cycle of tension and anger continued and England responded to the Boston Tea Party with ‘a series f acts that became known as the ‘Coercive Acts’† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, Coercive Acts Imposed by British 1774, paragraph 1). These acts consisted of England â€Å"closing the port of Boston, taking control of the Massachusetts Government, and passing the Quebec Act† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, Coercive Acts Imposed By British 1774). England was hoping that by passing all these new laws and acts that the colonists would finally give in. â€Å"Implementing these acts was one of the last of a long string of miscalculations made by the British government in the wake of the impending American independence† (MultiEducator, Inc. 2011, Coercive Acts Imposed by British 1774, paragraph 7). The colonists had finally had enough and decided that they needed to schedule a meeting, which became known as the First Continental Congress. Each of the colonies sent a person of their choosing to represent them at the meeting. The colonists had this meeting so that they could reach one decision as to what they should do about â€Å"the British actions† (MultiEducator, Inc. , 2011, First Continental Congress Meets 1774, paragraph 3). The representatives debated many different options and they all finally agreed on â€Å"immediate non-importation of good from England† (MultiEducator, Inc. 2011, First Continental Congress Meets 1774, paragraph 8). The colonists were hopeful that this would cause England to rethink their actions and change how they treated the colonies. The path that led to The Revolutionary War was a long path and cannot be tied to a single incident. The colonists and England escalated the tensions with their actions and responses, until the colonists reached the conclusion that further measures (war) needed to be taken to get England to treat them as they wanted to be treated. The path to The Revolutionary War began with the debts from the French and Indian War and continued with the acts and laws that were passed by England. Many of the acts and laws angered the colonists, which led to the colonists responding with actions of their own. The actions of England combined with the reaction from the colonies sent the nations down a path of incidents that led to the beginning of the Revolutionary War.

Jetstar Airline is an airline company that provides low cost flight

Jetstar Airline is an airline company that provides low cost flight Jetstar have their code of practice. They always want to be better and more informative relationship between their customers and insurers. They have improved their customer confidence towards their services. Each complaint they receive from a customer, they will find a way to resolve the problem by providing better services for their customers. They will keep their customer services standards as high as possible in order to get their customers coming back for it. Other than that, Jetstar has a cultural belief that they need to focus on providing their customers the lowest rate as possible so that more customers in the Asia Pacific region that takes their flight from Singapore and Australia. As a low cost carrier airline, they face a lot of challenges from their competitors especially their market in Australia, Singapore and in the other parts of the Asia Pacific but still they kept on fighting in the challenges they encountered. Due to the challenges, Jetstars income statements have been hard to remain constant. Jetstar needs to implement more strategies in order to stabilize their sales and get them increase higher. Their strategy of providing low cost fares to their customers really promotes themselves as one of the low cost airline leaders. Jetstar has had a unique way of selling that enables them to offer the cheapest fares compared to the other low cost airline in the industry. Marketing mix consists of the 7Ps which are Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process and the Physical Evidence. By identifying these 7Ps it will be much easier for Jetstar to run and improve their business. Product The product that Jetstar Airline is selling is their flights destination. They offer their customers a destination that they could offer at a low cost. Price The prices they offer to their customers should be low and at a reasonable price. Since they are known as a low cost airline than they should do as what they say. Place The place where they sell their product is at the ticketing counter at an airport and also on their website which enables their customer to book and check their flight online. Promotion They always promote low prices when their customers book a flight in advance. They will give a very low price than the one they book on a near date. People The people are their target markets, who are their customers that favour to travel via airplane. They should focus on satisfying these people that have chosen to travel with their airline and they should try to attract others to chose their airline for travelling. Process The process they practice to sell their product is starting from checking their customers booking list and their flight availability to issuing the customers flight destination requests and checking in their luggage to their boarding time. Physical Evidence The only physical evidence that their customers have are their boarding pass. The boarding pass is a proof that the customer has purchase a flight destination with Jetstar Airlines. If there are any complaints to be made or an incident occurs on the flight they board, the boarding pass will be the proof that the customer is a passenger of Jetstar Airline. They have to know what to target and how to segment their market. Targeting and the segmentation of their market are important for them to enhance their business. Without focusing on these it will be hard for them to satisfy their customers. Jetstar target those who love to travel at low cost, and they have segmented their customers by knowing how to handle each customer differently and professionally. They have to really see the importance of targeting and segmentation. Understanding what their targeted customers needs and wants in the market helps them to provide better services for their customers. Segmentation will help them to spread their wings further and give them the opportunity to provide more flight destination to their customers. They should know where do travellers frequently travel to. At first their positioning strategy in the market was not really appealing to their target. They were not really perfect in some ways and that their fares were higher than the other low cost carriers that were operating in the Asia Pacific. In the Southeast Asia, their growths were held back by the regulatory environment of the region. Thus, Jetstar only gain losses from the start of their attempt to enter the Southeast Asia market. 3.0 Integration of Marketing Mix When the marketing mix are integrated, then only they can run their business smoothly because the already know what their products are, how much they are going to charge their fares, where they are going to sell it, what type of promotion are they going to offer to their customers, who are they going to sell it to, how are they going to process it and what type of evidence that the customer has purchase from them. This ensures them to Put the right product at the right place and at the right time. It might change based on the current changes of the market environment and economy. If there is a slight change in the economy such as an increase in the oil price, there will also be an increase in the fare price. A change in the environment will also affect their business, for example if there is a natural disaster or a war going on in a country that they frequently travel to; travellers would not want to travel to that certain country and their flight destination choice will be less. Their marketing mix must be able to adapt to certain changes that is occurring around them. 4.0 Target Market Segment In any business, they need to divide their market into smaller groups of customers that has a distinctive needs, characteristics, or behaviour that might need to be provided by a different product or marketing mixes; this is called market segmentation. (Armstrong G. Kotler P. 2003). Since Jetstar is a low cost carriage airline, they should turn their focus on the one segment that most of their customers prefer, even though they also offer a Star Class which gives much more comfort to the customer. They might have to improve on their services and their in-flight interior to make their customers feel comfortable at least when boarding their flight. Their in-flight services should really satisfy their customers by keeping them comfortable and providing them food and entertainment. When their customers are satisfied by what Jetstar has to offer them in their flights, surely they will suggest their other people to choose Jetstar for their travelling experiences. This way, they will be able to increase their sales. 5.0 Marketing Strategies Before building up a marketing strategy, they must look back into their marketing mix. They need to plan something that is out of the ordinary than the other low cost carriers. They can still offer a quite lavish service even though they are a low cost airline. They dont need to be the typical low cost airline where when a customer board it feels like they just boarded on a low cost bus but it does not have to be that way; customers have paid a fare that is much more expensive than taking a bus. Although, travelling by airplane is much more convenient and faster but it does not meant that customers should feel uncomfortable throughout their journey. Jetstar needs to be outstanding than the others in the industry if they want to be more profitable. They need to offer more flight destinations to their customers so that they have more choices of destination to choose from. They should also offer more departure time for their customers at least every 4 hours. By that it means Jetstar needs too buy more aircraft and hire more employees so that there could be more flights to more destinations; thus making it more profitable. In a short journey flight that is less than 3 hours, they should at least provide a complimentary drink from a choice of orange juice or carbonated drinks and not just by providing a water fountain and cups for the economy class  [2]  . Also they should provide some complimentary light snacks for the economy class customers such as peanuts or crackers. 6.0 Conclusion In order to conclude what has been written in this report, Jetstar should look into providing a service that is best for their customers. They should enhance every technology and services that they are practicing into a higher and upgraded level.

Looking at a Growing City :: essays papers

Looking at a Growing City In her lecture, Ms. Gretchen Schneider gave an in depth study of the changing uses of space in the development of the city of Boston. Her study involved a look at the history and land of the city and how they informed the decisions made regarding development and change in the city. In Jack Ahern’s lecture, he discussed landscape scenarios, which included a look at the different spatial concepts of landscape planning. Both lectures included information that could be extracted and applied when analyzing the development of any city. In this paper, I will be applying the ideas they presented in my own brief analysis of the development of my hometown, Nashua, NH. Nashua, New Hampshire is a small city of 175,000 people that lies on the border of Massachusetts. It began as an Indian fishing village along the Nashua River and with time and the construction of the Daniel Webster (Main) street, it grew to be a small factory town. Around the civil war times, Main Street became the main retail district as it was close to the textile factories that ran along the river. Small neighborhoods developed at either end of Main Street along with a railroad station west of the center of town. At this stage of Nashua’s development, it most closely resembled a contained interdigitation. The community and buildings were located in the central part of town, with a few neighborhoods that ran outside the boundaries. By about 1900, the city had begun to expand in all four directions, still fairly contained by the wilderness and the outskirts still resembled the interdigitation. BY the 1940, main other main roads were built, stemming from Main Street, and there was a great expansion, and the fingers of the interdigitation grew long, stretching into more of the wild land. Owners of the farms near town sold their land and moved to these areas on the western part of town, cleared the woods and built them selves huge farms and orchards. The neighborhoods north and south of the town got larger and expanded to east some. The growth of the city was becoming fast and town officials decided to begin claiming public grounds and building parks. It was at this time that Greeley Park was built that contained about a square quarter mile of land and Holman stadium was built at the northern part of town.

How to Clean the Harman Pf100 Furnace

How to Clean the Harman PF100 Furnace Here are step-by-step instructions for cleaning your Harman PF100 Pellet Furnace. These instructions are to be used in conjunction with the owner’s manual that came with your furnace. If you have any questions about the procedure please don’t hesitate to call your local authorized dealer. In order to maintain top efficiency it is important to clean and vacuum the inside of the furnace 3 or 4 times per burn season. The furnace is designed to be very easy to clean and it should take about an hour to complete. A thorough cleaning is required at the end of each heating season.Keep in mind that cleaning both your insert and venting system is essential. It boosts heat output and keeps the furnace running at maximum efficiency. Many Harman dealers offer annual cleaning services for their customers. Please read through this entire guide before beginning. TOOLS YOU WILL NEED: Dust Mask & Safety Goggles Shop vacuum w/fine dust (HEPA) filter S tandard socket set or nut driver set Tooth brush 3† to 4† paintbrush Small putty knife Hearth glass cleaner Paper towels Rubber gloves (soot really gets into pores) Drop cloth Flashlight or drop light 4 in. lexible brush (for venting pipe) Burn pot scraper (included w/furnace) TIPS BEFORE YOU START: Be sure the furnace is completely out and cool (and unplugged from electrical power! ). The furnace must be completely out before cleaning. Every part must be cool to the touch, including the pellets that are left in the burn pot. Live pellets are a fire hazard – especially if they get sucked into a vacuum cleaner. Every year there are stories of house vacuums catching fire by inadvertently sucking up hot ashes. Worse still this can be the source of a house fire!Hot ashes should be stored in a metal container with a tight fitting lid. When the ashes are completely out they can be used as a soil conditioner for your lawn or garden. Wear a dust mask! This is important! D on’t be foolhardy when it comes to protecting your lungs. Wear a mask and protective goggles. Professional chimney sweeps wear both while performing cleaning tasks. STEP #1: PREPARE THE WORK AREA Start by placing a drop cloth on the floor in front of your furnace. Alternatively you can use newspaper. Keep your tools on the drop cloth so you can wrap them in it and take them outside for cleaning when you are done.STEP #2: CLEAN THE EXTERIOR OF THE BURN POT Open the side access door (Fig. 1) and begin by removing loose soot deposits from within the burn pot. Remove the flame guide and vacuum the ash from the burn pot and above the burn pot (Fig. 2). Fig. 2 Fig. 1 Fig. 3 Clean the burn pot using the scraper provided (Fig. 3). Use the flat end of the scraper to remove the carbon from the burn pot. Alternatively use a hammer and a straight tip screw driver to tap the deposits loose. STEP #3: CLEAN THE INTERIOR OF THE BURN POT You’ll now need to clean ash from inside the bur n pot.Remove the clean out plate under the burn pot by loosening the two wing nuts holding the plate in place (Fig. 4). You many need to use pliers to loosen the wing nuts initially. Vacuum all ash from the burn pot’s interior (Fig. 5). Fig. 6 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Use your finger to brush out any ash that can’t be reached with the nozzle of the vacuum (Fig. 6). After cleaning, be sure the plate is fully closed before hand tightening the wing nuts. (Note: Do not tighten the wing nuts with pliers. ) STEP #4: REMOVE THE UPPER BAFFLE PLATE Remove the upper baffle plate from the firebox on the wall opposite the burn-pot.To accomplish this, lift the cover plate up about 1/2† and it can be removed for cleaning (Fig. 7). Use the pointed end of the scraper and a brush to clean the heat exchanger behind the cover, let the ashes fall into the ash pan. Clean the remainder of the inside of the burn chamber using the scraper, putty knife, brush and vacuum. Fig. 7 Second Baffle Plate: After all the scraping and brushing of ashes is complete you can remove and empty the ash pan. There is a second baffle plate located below the upper baffle plate that becomes accessible when the ash pan is removed.Tip the top of the cover forward and lift up and out of the furnace. Do a final clean-up of the baffle and vacuuming of the inside of the firebox area and the ash pan (ashes noted by lower right arrow on Fig. 7). Replace the baffle plates being sure they are securely latched into position. Also, be sure the flame guide is replaced on the burn pot. Replace the ash pan, close and latch the firebox door and outside cover door. STEP #5: REMOVE THE COMBUSTION MOTOR First, remove the combustion blower cover. The combustion blower housing is held in place with two flip latches (Fig. ). Next, remove the combustion motor by first loosening the three thumb screws (Fig. 9). You can then twist the motor assembly counter-clockwise to remove it. NOTE: The motor wires do not need to be disconnected. Fig. 8 Fig. 9 STEP #6: CLEAN THE COMBUSTION MOTOR & SURROUNDING AREA When the combustion blower is removed, the inside of the combustion blower area (Fig. 10) needs to be brushed and vacuumed. Next, the fins of the combustion blower (Fig. 11) will need detailed cleaning as they will accumulate sooty dust.Although the combustion fan is shown removed in this view for clarity (Fig. 12), you do not need to disconnect the wiring of the motor for this step. The fins of the blower need to be carefully cleaned with a toothbrush. Be extra careful not to bend the fins on the combustion blower as this may cause an imbalance or interference with the inside of the blower housing when it is reassembled. Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 STEP #7: CLEAN THE AUGER DRIVE BOX The next step is to clean the inside of the pellet feed mechanism and a general cleanup â€Å"under the hood† of the furnace.Start by removing the large sheet-metal cover under the pellet hopper (Fig. 13). There are f our screws holding this cover in place; two are located as seen in the image in fig. 13. The other two screws are on the other side of the furnace. You need only to loosen the screws a few turns and slide the cover off. Fig. 13 Under the cover you will find the feeder assembly; you will need to remove the wing nut in the center of the housing cover (Fig. 14) and remove the cover. After removing the cover, clean out the inside of the housing (Fig. 15) with a small brush and a vacuum.Replace the auger assembly cover and wing nut and then the outer sheet metal cover. Tighten the sheet metal cover screws snuggly and you are done cleaning the â€Å"engine housing†. Fig. 14 Fig. 15 STEP #8: CLEAN OR REPLACE THE AIR FILTER You will need to clean or replace the air filter on the filter box (Fig. 16). Follow the air filter manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning or replacement. Filters are widely available at hardware stores and home centers. Fig. 16 STEP #9: SWEEP THE ENTIRE FLUE SYSTEM It is very important that the entire flue system is inspected and cleaned once per year.In order to clean the flue system you will need to sweep it from its exit point using rods and an appropriately sized brush. You may need to take apart sections of pipe in order to do this. Note: Professional installers often design the venting system so that certain joints can be taken apart. These joints will often have either aluminum tape or silicone caulking on the outside. Use a knife to scrape off the silicone caulking on the joints you plan to take apart. If your pellet stove is installed into an existing chimney you will need to clean the chimney as well as the pellet pipe.To do this you will need the appropriate sized chimney brush and rods. (i. e. a six inch diameter chimney will need a 6† diameter brush) Once the flue system has been cleaned, reconnect and recaulk the pellet vent. High temperature RTV silicone caulking will work for this. Note: it is very important t hat each joint of the pipe within the home be airtight. Even small pinhole leaks can leak smoke! If you have any questions regarding any aspect of these cleaning instructions, please refer back to your Owner’s Manual or contact your authorized Harman dealer.

The Role of Sleep in Learning and Memory.

Students tend to overload themselves by overnight study to memorize all the study material. However, most of them do not realize that we will have a better result by an adequate sleep than having a three hour sleep before an exam to memorize all the material. This restless lifestyle will significantly reduce health level and in fact reduces our memory consolidation and opportunity to use our unconscious mind to improve the skill that we learn. This theory was first introduced by Muller and Pilzecker about 100 years ago.They made a hypothesis that memory consolidation is time dependent and require regulating from our brain cell which leads to further development in memory consolidation theory nowadays. (McGaugn, 2000. ) According to â€Å"Neurology board review: An illustrated study guide. † written by Professor Mowzoon, sleep is divided into 2 main types, which is non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM). NREM sleep occur seventy five percent of our sleep and REM sleep only occur for twenty five percent of our sleep. NREM sleep can divide into 4 stages. Stage 1 happens when we are between being awake and asleep.Stage 2 occurs at the beginning of sleep; brain will produce periodic brain wave activity known as sleep spindles that can relax our body muscle and heart rate. Stage 3 and 4 take place in deep sleep. In these stages, our body tissue cultivates and repairs. Lastly, stage 5 of the sleep is involved in REM sleep where most dreaming occurs. In REM sleep, brain and other parts of our body becomes more active but muscles remain in a lessen state. (Mowzoon, 2007) A journal article â€Å"Sleep dependent memory consolidation† from Nature precisely categorizes sleep stages and memory.There are several type of memories but commonly they are divided into declarative memories which we can recall in our mind and non-declarative memory where normally used without conscious. The term memory consolidation is referring to memory stabilizat ion, where memories become more resistible to interference. Several studies show that certain memories are consolidation through REM sleep as complex cognitive procedural learning take place. Procedural memory and spatial memory are greatly improved in REM sleep, where both these memories help to recording information and how to get things done.Motor skills like dancing, would advance while we are in REM sleep. Positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging has demonstrated that the night after training, region that is active during task performance is reactivated during REM sleep. Besides, even event related potentials shows that high temporal resolution of brain processing in the period of REM sleep. (Stickgold, 2005)The result shows that REM sleep and memory consolidation are highly positive correlated, as a REM-rich periods person will be 3 times more likely to improve in certain skill than a sleep deprivation person.Endogenously, Nature NeuroScience did an electrophysiologica l reading between hippocampus and neocortex respond to episodic and semantic memories. Episodic memory is memories that involve emotion, while semantic memory refers to factual information and knowledge. Both of these memories are categorized in declaration memory. In the experiment, a group of people were given some task and simulating the learning multiple times. After that, subjects are given 2 detail fMRI scan that one is scheduled directly after the learning session and another scan 48hours later.The result shows that there is an increase in functional connectivity over time between hippocampus and medical prefrontal cortex in the first scan is lower than second scan. Subject remember more detailed and perform better after a good night sleep. Therefore learning is highly influence by the successively of reactivation between hippocampal and prefrontal network during our sleeping cycle. (Peyrache, 2009) In addition, the journal of Science written by Maquet, show that sleep has be en occupied that plastic cerebral change due to fresh memory and learning.The recurrence of neuronal bonds during sleep is proven by a few experiments. The neural activity is further shown in walking behavior seems to be reestablished during sleep. The reactivation will increase the intercellular connection strength between the element of network and incorporation of the new experience into long term memory. (Maquet, 2001) Both of this experiment proven that REM sleep has great effect to memory consolidation and learning. Exogenously, sleep is also illustrated to be obliging in memory consolidation and learning.Practice is not the only way to attainment all skill, performance could be improve between learning period and not within it. Explicit skill where we learn it intentionally is sleep-dependent. From an experiment from journal of Current Biology, offline skill improvement can only observed within 12 hours including sleep. The result show that implicit skill might improve due to time but explicit skill is positive correlated to sleep. When we are fully conscious of learning a new thing, the improvement of skill without practice is totally reliant on sleep. Robertson, 2004) Moreover, BBC news reported that in United Kingdom, a group of adult was given a task and for the group who were sent to sleep did better than those who carried on without sleep. Dr Matthew Walker mentions that â€Å"Sleep not only rights the wrong of prolonged wakefulness, but at neurocognitive level, it moves you beyond where you were before you took a nap†. This supplementary enhances the theory that, sleep will improve memory consolidation and learning. (BBC, 2010)As a college student, I fully understand that weighty academic course loads leads to sleep deprivation, but a good sleeping cycle will helps to boost up our academic result. Even though sleep helps to improve our academic, we still have to put in the same effort in our daily life to maintain and improve our result.Re ferences: Mowzoon, N. , M. D. , Flemming, K. , D. (2007). Neurology board review: An illustrated study guide. Rochester, MN: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Stickgold, R. (2005). Sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Nature, 437(7063), 1272-1278. Peyrache, A. , Khamassi, M. , Benchenane, K. , Wiener, S. , I. , Battaglia, F. , P. (2009). â€Å"Reply of rule-learning related neural patterns in the prefrontal cortex during sleep. † Nature NeuroScience, 12(7), 919-926. Doi:10. 1038/nn. 2337 Maquet, P. (2001) The role of sleep in learning and memory. Science, 294(5544), 1048-1052. DOI:  10. 1126/science. 1062856 McGaugh, J. , L. (2000). Memory – A century of consolidation. Science, 287(5451), 248-251. DOI:10. 1126/science. 287. 5451. 248 â€Å"Nap ‘boosts’ brain learning power. BBC News 21 February 2010. Retrieved from: http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/health/8524549. stm. Robertson, E. M. ; Pascual-Leone, A. ; Press, D. Z. (2004). â€Å"Aw areness modifies the skill-learning benefits of sleep†. Current Biology. 14(3): 208–212. DOI:10. 1016/j. cub. 2004. 01. 027 Wamsley, E. , J. , Tucker, M. , Payne, J. D. , Benavides, J. , A. , & Stickgold, R. (2010). Dreaming of a learning task I associated with enhanced sleep dependent memory consolidation. Current Biology, 20(9), 850-855. DOI: 10. 1016/j. cub. 2010. 03. 027

MP3 files essays

MP3 files essays An MP3 is a recorded high-quality audio (voice and music) file which can be distributed over the Internet, and played on any multimedia computer with the right sound card and speakers. MP 3 is simply a file format that compresses a song into a smaller size so it is easier to move around on the Internet and store. MPEG is the acronym for Moving Picture Experts Group. This group has developed compression systems used for video data. For example, DVD movies, HDTV broadcasts and DSS satellite systems use MPEG compression to fit video and movie data into smaller spaces. The MPEG compression system includes a subsystem to compress sound, called MPEG audio Layer-3. We know this as MP3. The music industry distribution medium of audio CD's, or "packages of audio information" (approximately 10 songs), preserves its dominate high sale price through shortage. The true value of a musical artist is found only in what he (or the distributor) can persuade or force people to pay for the privilege of listening. It does not matter how much of a "good idea" it is to have such laws to protect the artists. People will listen without paying, because they can. If the musician wants protection from unauthorized listening of his live performances, that he should find some form of self-protection ¡Xby only performing for small groups of people or for audiences that agree to pay for entrance into an auditorium? And that he should stop crying about people listening to him sing in public without pay, and about the police not arresting the illegal listeners? This is exactly the type of situation that is developing with the new breakthrough digital audio format called MP3 combined with the Internet. The heart of the matter is not morality, but enforceability. Audio Copyrights and Other Delusions The same is now true of existing audio copyright issues. They are absolutely unenforceable, and will not protect the artists. Only the morality of the public w...

Free Essays on Politics Sociology

Politics Within Sociology Political participation and action within the community should be extremely significant for civilians. In America, the country that I reside in, we the people caste votes for elected officials to carry out laws for us. Although due to contrary belief at times we feel slighted, based on social injustices and rigid corruption within our government. Thus it is important that we are conscious of our leaders decisions from the birth of our nation, most importantly the present, and never shying away from the future. In order to fairly advocate certain beliefs of an ideal government it is important that people are naturally educated on domestic and foreign policies. Once this has been accomplished one can infer their own opinions and implement them within a notion of practicality. When we think of politics we generally think of an authoritative figure. But the definitive meaning is quite broad. Basically it refers to a relationship from wherever power exists. Two general terms of political activation is micro and macro politics. Micro politics refers to the exercise of power on a daily base. In America this can be related to your first amendment rights. On the converse side of things macro politics can be clearly defined of the exercise of power within a large group. Max Weber has stated that power can be defined as legitimate or illegitimate. Legitimate power is known as authority and illegitimate is referred to as coercion. The government also known as the state has the authority to punish people however they’d like, even through violence. Sometimes the state oppresses people and revolution will eventually take its toll. Traditional authority throughout history requires tribal custom to dictate certain laws and precedents. Whether it’s based on role or gender the group has indefinite power through out tradition. The second type of authority is called rational league authority. It’s not based on cust... Free Essays on Politics Sociology Free Essays on Politics Sociology Politics Within Sociology Political participation and action within the community should be extremely significant for civilians. In America, the country that I reside in, we the people caste votes for elected officials to carry out laws for us. Although due to contrary belief at times we feel slighted, based on social injustices and rigid corruption within our government. Thus it is important that we are conscious of our leaders decisions from the birth of our nation, most importantly the present, and never shying away from the future. In order to fairly advocate certain beliefs of an ideal government it is important that people are naturally educated on domestic and foreign policies. Once this has been accomplished one can infer their own opinions and implement them within a notion of practicality. When we think of politics we generally think of an authoritative figure. But the definitive meaning is quite broad. Basically it refers to a relationship from wherever power exists. Two general terms of political activation is micro and macro politics. Micro politics refers to the exercise of power on a daily base. In America this can be related to your first amendment rights. On the converse side of things macro politics can be clearly defined of the exercise of power within a large group. Max Weber has stated that power can be defined as legitimate or illegitimate. Legitimate power is known as authority and illegitimate is referred to as coercion. The government also known as the state has the authority to punish people however they’d like, even through violence. Sometimes the state oppresses people and revolution will eventually take its toll. Traditional authority throughout history requires tribal custom to dictate certain laws and precedents. Whether it’s based on role or gender the group has indefinite power through out tradition. The second type of authority is called rational league authority. It’s not based on cust...

Allopatric Speciation and Habitat Adaptation Lab Report

Allopatric Speciation and Habitat Adaptation Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine if allopatric speciation i.e. divergence of species occurs because of geographic isolation Introduction Allopatric speciation is the result of geographical isolation of species due to physical barriers and each separated population adopting specific physical features to suit their new habitat. A good example is the Caribbean Anolis lizards that have varied limb size and shape depending on whether they live on the ground or on trees. (Ref. Losos Laboratory, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University). However there are also cases where two physically isolated populations have not changed morphologically but do not interbreed. Snapping shrimps on either side of the Isthmus that links the North and South American continents are physically similar but the opposite sexes attack, rather than mate when artificially paired. Ref. Nancy Knowlton, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama Hypothesis/Predicted Outcome It is hypothesized that physical or geographical isolation does not result in allopatric speciation or the creation of distinct species, based on the study by Futuyama and Mayer. Methods Our experiment was on observing and comparing the diversity in African Buffalo species present in different parts of the African continent. Results/Outcome Results showed that their skin colour, body mass (weight) and size has changed to suit their habitat as given in this Table. S.No. Species Geography Phenotype Character 1. Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) South and East Africa Well built with Black skin Weight ~900 kg 2. Forest buffalo (S. c. nanus) Central and West Africa Red skin, ~4 feet height, weight ~270 kg 3. Sudanese buffalo (S. c. brachyceros) West Africa Dark colour, weight ~600 kg 4. Nile buffalo (S.c. aequinoctialis) Central Africa Lighter than Cape buffallo, smaller Discussion/Analysis Based on this study, we can conclude that geographical isolation results in speciation accompanied with change in phenotype to match the local requirement. Therefore, our original hypothesis that â€Å"physical or geographical isolation does not result in allopatric speciation† has been proved to be incorrect. References: 1. .Douglas J. Futuyma and Gregory C. Mayer Non-Allopatric Speciation in Animals Systematic Zoology Vol. 29, No. 3 (Sep., 1980), pp. 254-271 URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2412661 2. Losos Laboratory, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University. 3. Nancy Knowlton, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.evo.allopatric/

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 16

Case Study - Essay Example However; the company development has gone unnoticed due to poor marketing strategies. The company has avoided external capital for 15 years and it has also developed a fear of venture capital and this has prevented it to rise in profitability for long. The company recently partnered with which has strengthened TEOCO without changing the culture of our organization. This paper therefore seeks to analyze the business environment and strategies of TEOCO Company analyzing various factors that contribute to its success. Over the years there have been external forces and industry conditions that have contributed to its performance. The external forces that include competition have affected the company’s performance to a greater level. This competitors Vibrant and Broad margin have been at the forefront in the provision of the same products. The competitors had low prices and this gave TEOCO Company really tough time to make profits and this affected the performance. The company conditions also affected the company performance at a greater extent. There has been a partnership agreement with TA Associates. The firm had made a minority equity investment of $60 million in TEOCO.This has boosted the capital base of the TEOCO company which was at the verge of collapsing. This has enabled the company to further increase its profitability. TA Associates which is the largest private equity firms in the country, managing more than $16 billion in capital by 2009, had an impressive network of relationships. This is important in the growth of TEOCO which tend to enjoy the free marketing of their services. The partnering company has also extensive knowledge of the industry. This enables TEOCO to be able to develop the products that are needed in the market. This enables the company to be able to meet the demand of the of the current market through having a shared knowledge of the

History Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History - Assignment Example The main action that Bismarck took to bring about the unification of Germany was to rev up nationalism in the various states and to seek war with France, which he felt would unify the Germanic people against an external enemy. He was proved correct in this. The southern German states were afraid of France and signed an alliance with Prussia The war and victory brought people together. He also goaded Austria into war. He also expanded the railway lines which brought states closer together. He also ignored the legislature and raised taxes which allowed for a bigger army. Cavour took similar action involving transport and also pursued conflicts which unified people. He raised taxes and revenues which allowed Piedmont to expand. War with Austria, which Cavour helped provoke, eventually led other Italian state to overthrow their government and work more closely with Piedmont, thereby helping to bring about unification. I.D. the following terms in paragraph format. Make sure you include AL L INFORMATION from the book: Do NOT just copy from the book. You must put these in your own words. (worth 10 points each) 1. Class struggle: Bourgeoisie & Proletariat In a Marxist view of class struggle there are two main classes. The bourgeoisie are the merchant middle class who have enough money to live comfortably. The Proletariat are the working class who are being exploited.

Brainscapes Case Resolution Template Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brainscapes Resolution Template - Case Study Example he sodium concentration detected from MRI of the hippocampus suggest that the neurons in the hippocampus became diseased and were not functioning properly? What sort of a change in the Na+ concentration gradient would you expect when neurons are damaged or malfunctioning? In a normal brain tissue, the large intracellularcompartment maintains a low sodium concentration( ~10mmol/l) against a high sodium concentration in the extracellular compartment(~140mmol/l) After the death of neural cells,the intracellular space of a cell shrinks and the extracellular space increases. The larger concentration of sodium in the extracellular space yields a larger sodium signal intensity. 3 In addition to the information in the case presentation (including the web sites contained in the case itself, what other information did you find to determine whether the differences in Na+ concentrations in hippocampal cells could be related to changes in memory function? Where did you find this information? There is considerable evidence to suggest that the hippocampus and the related medio-temporal lobe structures of the human brain are crucial for the encoding and storage of information in long term memory 4) What does each of these additional items contribute to the solution of the case? For example, the item contains data from specific tests, trials, or experiments, or presents analyses that canbe used to understand the main issues in this case. The Thulborn study has provided evidence for the changes in sodium concentration upon death of neural cells. These have enabled the use of sodium magnetic resonance imaging to determine the sodium levels in hippocampus to test for the presence or extent of AD. There may be situations where the sodium content may increase in cells that are not dead or degenerated thus giving a false interpretation of the results. Increased sodium in the tissue could be caused by direct leakage of sodium because of amyloid beta channels in membranes

The Israelis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Israelis - Essay Example The contradiction in Israel is, the ordinary Jewish citizens are a preferred lot over their Arab compatriots. Along with the rigid religious establishment, a thriving lesbian and gay community exists. In this book, Donna Rosenthal, has taken pains to interview a heterogeneous section of the people-- Jewish, Arab, men and women, secular and religious, with their fears and hopes, enthusiasm and disillusionment, willing acceptance of challenges and also expressing defiance†¦how Israel makes efforts to transform itself into an ultra-modern state, to stand shoulder to shoulder and challenge the world powers, to tell—not we also count—but better take us into account! Nation building from the scratch is not an ordinary process. Striking a balance between the orthodox and ultra-modern of the same religious group is all the more difficult. Interaction between the two has to happen often. Rosenthal writes about the strange meetings thus: â€Å"An electrical engineer with a long ponytail is eating pasta with a bearded orthodox man in a knit kippa. At the salad bar, two women programmers chat in Russian.†(p.126) Immodestly dressed women in Jerusalem streets are abused by the orthodox. Rosenthal writes, â€Å"Some men wear their short, others dangle them below their ears. Signs in their haredi neighborhood warn women to dress modestly, not to expose much skin. Blouses cover them from collarbone to wrists.†(p.174) In the matter of worship the male-female division is enforced strictly. â€Å"In haredi and orthodox synagogues, men and women sit apart so they will not be distracted from prayers. In haredi synagogues, women sit in balconies o r behind curtains.†(p.182) In the same city, you have modern entrepreneurs engaged in research for high-tech industrial products. Children of Bedouin families and Israeli Arab—both have problems in establishing their identities in a Jewish

Human Health and Environment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Health and Environment - Assignment Example & Wicander, R., 2009) However, it has been discovered to be dangerous to humans. The British Rail in 1967 made it public that it would cease to use asbestos insulation because of the danger to workmen. (Tweedale, G. & et. al., 2000) Asbestos, which is made up of six different fibrous materials that mainly affect the lungs, causes cancer. Because exposure to asbestos could slowly kill humans, â€Å"the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) banned the use of various asbestos-containing products during 1970s and 1980s. In 1989 the EPA announced a ban on all asbestos products by 1996.† (Alters & Schiff, 2006) Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane or DDT, as it is most commonly called, is a synthetic pesticide. Renowned author and environmentalist Rachel Carson refers to DDT as a toxic chemical in her book, Silent Spring. As Carson (2002) states, â€Å"one of the most sinister features of DDT and related chemicals is the way they are passed on from one organism to another through all the links of the food chains.† Although there are no definite examples of human fatality due to ingestion of DDT, illness has been manifested with a dosage of 10mg/kg. (Assembly of Life Sciences, 1977) DDT has not always been a threat. Initially, DDT was of great importance As a matter of fact, it was considered â€Å"a great importance to all, both in helping to win the war and improving the country’s health after the war is over.† (Simmons, J., 2008) Discovered to cause paralysis in insects, DDT was used to treat lice in military men. After Geigy Colour Company, Ltd. of Switzerland introduced its effective DDT-based insecticide, Gesarol, American investigators brought it to the USA to be developed and distributed for use against insect-borne disease during World War II. (McCallum, J.E., 2008) Continued use of DDT-based pesticides, however have resulted to health problems for people and danger to the

Brainscapes Case Resolution Template Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brainscapes Resolution Template - Case Study Example he sodium concentration detected from MRI of the hippocampus suggest that the neurons in the hippocampus became diseased and were not functioning properly? What sort of a change in the Na+ concentration gradient would you expect when neurons are damaged or malfunctioning? In a normal brain tissue, the large intracellularcompartment maintains a low sodium concentration( ~10mmol/l) against a high sodium concentration in the extracellular compartment(~140mmol/l) After the death of neural cells,the intracellular space of a cell shrinks and the extracellular space increases. The larger concentration of sodium in the extracellular space yields a larger sodium signal intensity. 3 In addition to the information in the case presentation (including the web sites contained in the case itself, what other information did you find to determine whether the differences in Na+ concentrations in hippocampal cells could be related to changes in memory function? Where did you find this information? There is considerable evidence to suggest that the hippocampus and the related medio-temporal lobe structures of the human brain are crucial for the encoding and storage of information in long term memory 4) What does each of these additional items contribute to the solution of the case? For example, the item contains data from specific tests, trials, or experiments, or presents analyses that canbe used to understand the main issues in this case. The Thulborn study has provided evidence for the changes in sodium concentration upon death of neural cells. These have enabled the use of sodium magnetic resonance imaging to determine the sodium levels in hippocampus to test for the presence or extent of AD. There may be situations where the sodium content may increase in cells that are not dead or degenerated thus giving a false interpretation of the results. Increased sodium in the tissue could be caused by direct leakage of sodium because of amyloid beta channels in membranes

Human Health and Environment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Health and Environment - Assignment Example & Wicander, R., 2009) However, it has been discovered to be dangerous to humans. The British Rail in 1967 made it public that it would cease to use asbestos insulation because of the danger to workmen. (Tweedale, G. & et. al., 2000) Asbestos, which is made up of six different fibrous materials that mainly affect the lungs, causes cancer. Because exposure to asbestos could slowly kill humans, â€Å"the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) banned the use of various asbestos-containing products during 1970s and 1980s. In 1989 the EPA announced a ban on all asbestos products by 1996.† (Alters & Schiff, 2006) Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane or DDT, as it is most commonly called, is a synthetic pesticide. Renowned author and environmentalist Rachel Carson refers to DDT as a toxic chemical in her book, Silent Spring. As Carson (2002) states, â€Å"one of the most sinister features of DDT and related chemicals is the way they are passed on from one organism to another through all the links of the food chains.† Although there are no definite examples of human fatality due to ingestion of DDT, illness has been manifested with a dosage of 10mg/kg. (Assembly of Life Sciences, 1977) DDT has not always been a threat. Initially, DDT was of great importance As a matter of fact, it was considered â€Å"a great importance to all, both in helping to win the war and improving the country’s health after the war is over.† (Simmons, J., 2008) Discovered to cause paralysis in insects, DDT was used to treat lice in military men. After Geigy Colour Company, Ltd. of Switzerland introduced its effective DDT-based insecticide, Gesarol, American investigators brought it to the USA to be developed and distributed for use against insect-borne disease during World War II. (McCallum, J.E., 2008) Continued use of DDT-based pesticides, however have resulted to health problems for people and danger to the

Dog Saves Life Essay Example for Free

Dog Saves Life Essay I was very enthusiastic for my world adventure race and wanted to get in shape, therefore I decided to head out for a run. I took my dog, Tazz along who was my constant companion and was very energetic and playful. Moreover, the route I took was very rough and unstable, despite that I carried on with my run in the remote canyon. During my training run, fortuitously I slipped and plunged 60 feet on to the solid rock smashing my pelvis into pieces. I was dreadfully injured but still alive; it was an abominable pain and my next reaction was to get out of here, despite my broken pelvis I tried standing up but I failed. My legs couldn’t support my body and I was unable to walk, besides that I was separated from my dog which aggravated the situation. I was stranded alone in the barren wilderness and I was facing my worst nightmare. Furthermore, I started dragging myself inch by inch which was causing enormous pain and then suddenly my dog appeared and came to my rescue; I was no longer alone and that gave me a comfort. Since he came to me I knew there was a route out and so I followed him, over and above I was planning to get back to my truck however, the pain was augmenting. As the night arrived it was freezing cold and I struggled doing sit-ups to keep my body warm and prevent hypothermia; I was fighting for my life. I just had my dog that cuddled up next to me. The next morning I tried again to drag myself but I was unable to move any further because I had interior bleeding and I was in a critical situation. It was getting difficult to breathe as well as I was losing vision. Moreover, because of the appalling pain I started crying as well as losing hope that anyone would find me and then Tazz came over to me and saw my tears. I could see that he was also upset. Eventually my family members informed the police that I was not receiving the phone calls, therefore a search team mobilized and a local detective knew about my place where I often train, they came searching for me and found my truck. At that point I was dying and so I said to tazz that I’m hurt and he needs to find help; he turned around and took off which was very depressing because then I had to face death alone. Furthermore, tazz was seen by the search team as he found the way out of the canyon. Tazz ran towards them and starting barking thus, one of the officers followed him and eventually found me. I was thankful to God as my ordeal was over. They gave me water and the feeling of having gulps of water actually go down the throat was incredible. I was glad to be alive.

Rhizoremediation of Lead Using Alternanthera Versicolor

Rhizoremediation of Lead Using Alternanthera Versicolor Shalini S., Priyasha G., Sohini B. and Jabez Osborne W* Abstract: Anthropogenic development has been a major drawback due to the increased discharge of heavy metals into the environment containing the saturated and unsaturated zones of soil. Heavy metals are those which have density more than 5gram per cm cube. Lead causes major health hazards like Plumbism (lead poisoning) at higher concentrations. In the present study the ability of Alternenthera versicolor to phytoremediate toxic lead contamination was assessed at different concentrations of lead. To enhance the uptake capabilities of Alternenthera versicolor, bacterial organism capable of lead degradation was supplemented. The samples were uprooted at an interval of 10, 20 and 30 days. The uptake of lead was assessed by AAS, chlorophyll and anthocyanin content was also checked. Further the effective strain were characterised by 16s rRNA sequencing. Keywords: Rhizoremediation, 16s rRNA, PGPR, AAS, Anthocyanin, Chlorophyll INTRODUCTION The most common heavy metals found in hazardous sites are Lead(Pb), Copper(Cu), Chromium(Cr),Nickel(Ni) and Zinc(Zn).Ionic and hydroxide forms are the general forms of these heavy metals found in soil, ground water and surface water (Gade,.2000). Heavy metal contamination is a major concern because they cannot be degraded (Lone et al,. 2008). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are heterogeneous group of bacteria that can be found in the rhizosphere, and in association with roots. The plant-bacteria synergistic interaction in the rhizosphere is determinants of plant growth and fertility. These involve the ability to produce indole acetic acid which is an important growth regulatory hormone, to produce siderophores which enable the uptake of solubilised mineral phosphate from the soil, HCN production and Ammonia production. Morphological studies involve the root and shoot length. Hence depending upon the results obtained for each concentration, we can determine the maximum concentrat ion at which the bacteria can withstand lead contamination. Thus the present study involves the phytoremediation of lead supply by Alternenthera versicolor followed by the rhizoremedial clean up by the synergistic interaction between the effective rhizobacterial isolate and the plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sample Collection For the isolation of lead degrading bacteria, tannery sludge was collected from four locations in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. All the samples were collected using sterile polyethylene bags and were preserved immediately (McGrath et al,. 2001). Isolation of lead resistant bacteria from tannery sludge sample Lead resistant bacteria were isolated from tannery sludge using serial dilution technique and 10-4 dilutions onto MSM agar plates supplemented with 150 mg/L lead concentration. The obtained pure colonies were purified on MSM agar plates with 150mg/L lead. Screening Techniques The effective isolates obtained from the tannery sludge sample, were screened for its PGPR traits. Indole Acetic Acid Production For estimation of IAA production, the method described by (Gordon et al,  2000). was followed. The isolates were inoculated in Nutrient broth and were incubated in the shaker at 120 rpm for 24hours. 100  µl of inocula from overnight culture of NB was inoculated in MS Media that was supplemented with 5mM L-tryptophan and was incubated in shaker for 48hours. The cultures obtained were centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 10 minutes. 2ml of supernatant was taken and few drops of Salkowski’s reagent was added to it. Optical density was taken at 530 nm using spectrophotometer. (Hussain et. al,. 2013) Phosphate Solubilisation For the detection of phosphate solubilising capability of the effective isolate, Pikovskaya agar media was inoculated with effective isolate and zone of inhibition was observed after 4 days incubation at RT. (Hussain et. al.  2013) Growth Kinetics Study For growth kinetics study, seed culture of the effective isolate VITPSS1J was prepared in MSM. 2% inoculum of 0.5 OD culture was added in LB broth. O.D readings were taken at every 30 mins till stationary phase was achieved and a plot was plotted against O.D. and time interval. Preparation of pot cultures 64 pots were prepared each consisting of one control and three test pots (Cosio et al, .2004). 2 kgs of sieved garden soil was used to plant Alternanthera versicolor plantlets (20 cm in length) in each pot. Pots were placed in greenhouse for 10 days for the plantlets to get adapted. The pot culture sets were prepared according to two criteria: 1. According to various concentrations of lead being added and 2. According to the number of days of study (10, 20). After the adaptation was completed, various concentrations (25mg/L, 50mg/L, 75mg/L and 100 mg/L) of lead was added at regular interval. Fig 1: Pot cultures of Alternanthera versicolor prepared in 2 kg soil with varying lead concentration Treatment of effective strain in pots Seed culture of effective isolate VITPSS1J was prepared in Nutrient broth (incubated at RT for 24 hrs). The bacterial culture was further mass multiplied by inoculating 100ÃŽ ¼l of seed culture into 4 Erlenmeyer flasks, each containing 250ml NB. 10 ml of this mass multiplied culture was added to each pot and left for next 10 days (Hussain et al,. 2013). After 10 days, first set of plants were uprooted from the pots (10th day pots of all concentrations). Further studies were carried out on the uprooted plants in order to study the uptake of lead by these plants in association with bacteria in 10 days. Morphological characterization The root and shoot length of the uprooted plants was calculated. The length of root and shoot of the test plants were compared with that of the control plants. Comparison of the root-shoot length was also done among plants uprooted from various concentrations. The colour of the plants was also observed. Anthocyanin Estimation Anthocyanin is a pigment responsible for the red, purple, blue colour of several fruits and vegetables, cereals and grains. Anthocyanin can also be used as a pH indicator. Each plant was studied for the amount of anthocyanin present. The leaves of a plant were taken and ground with 70% ethanol and 7% acetic acid (in the ratio 3:2) in a mortar-pestle and transferred to Falcon tubes. Sterile water was added in all tubes including the controls. The tubes were kept in rotary shaker for 10 minutes and then centrifuged (15 mins, 4 ºC, 4500 rpm). The supernatant was removed and 400  µl of methanol was added in each tubes. The anthocyanin content was measured by taking the UV spectrophotometric reading at 530 nm and 657 nm. The same procedure was followed for all the 12 plants. Chlorophyll Estimation Each plant was also studied for determining the chlorophyll content. The leaves were cut into small pieces and mixed with 70% ethanol and ground using mortar-pestle. The mixture was then transferred to Falcon tubes and centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 10 mins. Supernatant was used for spectrophotometer assay of chlorophyll at 665nm and 652 nm. RESULTS Isolation of lead resistant bacteria A total of three morphologically distinct colonies were observed in MSM agar plates supplemented with 150mg/l of lead and named VITPSS1J, VITPSS2J, VITPSS3J Fig 2: Mother culture plates of the isolated bacteria from tannery sludge B. PGPR analysis of isolates Indole Acetic Acid Production: The ability of obtained isolates for IAA production was assessed. Pink coloration was observed for isolate VITPSS3J. Hence VITPSS3J was used for further studies. Phosphate Solubilisation: For the detection of phosphate solubilisation, a clear zone of inhibition is considered as a positive conformation for solubilisation. As the isolates were not able to produce any clear zone observed in the Pikovskaya media plate, the isolates were considered negative for phosphate solubilisation. Growth Kinetics: Growth kinetics was performed for effective isolateVITPSS3J. Stationary phase was achieved at 270 min (Graph1) B. Morphological Characterisation: The leaves of Alternanthera versicolor are originally reddish purple in colour. But it was observed that after the supply of lead in the soil the colour of leaves turned green. Root and shoot length were measured for Alternanthera versicolor at regular interval of 10, 20 days to check the effect of toxic lead concentration of plant growth (Table1, Table2). Table 2: Root and shoot measurement after 10 days of observation Table 3: Root and Shoot measurement after 20 days of observation Anthocyanin and Chlorophyll concentration Anthocyanin is a pigment responsible for purple, blue colour of several fruits grains and flowers. Chlorophyll is a pigment which provides green colour to the plant. (Table 3, 4) Table 4: Anthocyanin and Chlorophyll estimation after 10 days of observation Table 5: Anthocyanin and Chlorophyll estimation after 20 days of observation Figure 1 Estimation of anthocyanin after 10 days of observation Figure 2 Estimation of chlorophyll b by using spectrophotometer (652nm) Figure 3Fig 5: Estimation of chlorophyll a using spectrophotometer (665 nm) after 10 days of observation Figure 4. Estimation of Anthocyanin after 20 days of observation Figure 5Fig 7: Estimation of chlorophyll b by using spectrophotometer (652 nm) after 10 days of observation Figure 6Fig 8: Estimation of chlorophyll a by using spectrophotometer (665 nm) after 20 days of observation Molecular characterization The obtained isolate was characterized molecularly by 16s rRNA sequencing (Sarita et al,. 2005). Effective bacterial strains were characterized using the universal primers 27F (5’-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3’) and 1492R (GGTTACCTTGTTTTACGACTT-3†). DNA extracts from cell’s DNA and the 16s Rrna sequence was determined by fluorescent dye terminator method using the sequencing kit. Products were obtained and run on a sequencer. DISCUSSION The present study deals with rhizoremedial treatment of the plant Alternenthera versicolor using bacterial isolates of tannery sludge. The plant has been tested as a hyper accumulator of lead which is a toxic heavy metal. Many plants have been worked upon for phytoremedial and rhizoremedial studies using n Alternenthera versicolor different heavy metals such as isolation of potent PGPR isolate; tannery sludge was serially diluted and plated onto MSM agar plates. Carassco et al,.2005 also isolated lead degrading bacteria using Nutrient Agar Medium.  Alternenthera versicolor was tested for its ability to be proved as a potent hyperaccumulator of lead. Hyperaccumulators are plants that have the abilities to take up higher concentration of toxic contaminants or compounds. Some of the hyperaccumulators already proved are Agrostis castellana  (McCutcheon et al,.2003),  Brassica juncea  (E.lombi et al,. 2001),  Brassica napus  (McCutcheon et al,. 2003),  Helianthus annuuus   (Schmidt et al,.2003). The ability of VITPSS1J to act as a potent PGPR isolate was assessed. VITPSS1J was found to be positive for Indole Acetic Acid production (Hussain et al,.2013), but it showed negative result phosphate solubilizing agent, indicating it has effectiveness as a PGPR organism. Alternenthera versicolor was tested for its ability to phytoremediate toxic lead concentration at 25mg/L, 50mg/L, 75mg/L and 100mg/L concentrations of lead. Earlier reports have suggested the use of Brassica juncea as a potent hyper accumulator for lead. Thus shoot and root length was checked at regular interval and it was found be similar as compared to the control; suggesting the effectiveness of Alternenthera versicolor in remediating lead contamination.(Hussain et al,. 2013). Anthocyanin and chlorophyll estimation also suggest the similar result as anthocyanin and chlorophyll content of a plant are a major indicating factor for its toxic uptake studies. Higher level of anthocyanin and chl orophyll at day 10 and 20 suggest that toxic effect of lead has been neutralised by various mechanism taking place in the plant like phytostabalisation and phytovolatalisation (Irene Kuiper et al,.2003). Thus the present study proves that Alternenthera versicolor can be used as a hyperaccumulator of lead at concentration ranging from 25 to 100 mg/L. CONCLUSION Alternenthera versicolor has hence been proved as a potent hyperaccumulator of lead at concentration ranging from 25 to 100mg/L and VITPSS1J can be used to remediate lead contamination. Hence further study on the synergistic interaction between Alternenthera versicolor and VITPSS1J. V. REFERENCES 1. Arvind Gulati, Pratibha Vyas, Praveen Rahi, Ramesh Chand Kasana (2009) Plant Growth-Promoting and Rhizosphere-Competent Acinetobacter rhizosphaerae Strain BIHB 723 from the Cold Deserts of the Himalayas 58:371–377 2. Althaf Hussain Sk. and Srinivas P (2013) Evaluation of Plant Growth Promoting Traits by Pseudomonas and Azotobacter Isolated From Rhizotic Soils of Two Selected Agroforestry Tree Species of Godavari Belt Region, India 431-436 3. Solon A. Gordon, Robert P. Weber (1950) Colorimetric Estimation of Indole acetic acid 4. Shirin Heydari1, Parviz Rezvani Moghadam2, Seyyed Mehdi Arab3 Hydrogen Cyanide Production Ability by Pseudomonas Fluorescence Bacteria and their Inhibition Potential on Weed Germination 5. Brianne L. Clark, Dr. Ranjan Chakraborty, Chair Dr. Bert C. Lampson ,Dr. Lee M. Pike (2004) Characterization of a Catechol-Type Siderophore and the Detection of a Possible Outer Membrane Receptor Protein from Rhizobium leguminosarum strain IARI 312 6. E. Nicole Bridgersa, Mari S. Chinnb, Van-Den Troungc (2010) Extraction of anthocyanins from industrial purple-fleshed sweetpotatoes and enzymatic hydrolysis of residues for fermentable sugars 613-620 7. Simcha Lev-Yadun and Kevin S. Gould (2009) Role of Anthocyanins in Plant Defence 978-0-387-77 8. Irene Kuiper, Ellen L. Lagendijk, Guido V. Bloemberg, and Ben J. J. Lugtenber (2003) Rhizoremediation: A Beneficial Plant-Microbe Interaction1105-01 9. Sushma Bondre, Pallavi Patil, Amaraja Kulkarni, M. M. Pillai (2012) Study on isolation and purification of anthocyanins and its application as pH indicator698-702 10. Sabyasachi Chatterjee*, Anindita Mukherjee, Agniswar Sarkar, Pranab Roy (2012)Bioremediation of lead by lead-resistant microorganisms, isolated from industrial sample290-295 11. A. Rehman, S. Ashraf, J. I. Qazi, A. R. Shakoori (2005) Uptake of Lead by a Ciliate, Stylonychia mytilus, Isolated from Industrial Effluents: Potential Use in Bioremediation of Wastewater75:290–296

Patterns by Amy Lowell Essay -- Patterns Amy Lowell Essays

"Patterns" by Amy Lowell When one hears the words, "I sink on a seat in the shade," they will most likely form a visual image in their head, such as a person sitting under a tree. Amy Lowell, an imagist, uses sharp images, precise wording, and figurative speech as a means of poetic expression to arouse the senses of the reader. In "Patterns," Amy Lowell explores the hopeful liberty of women in the early 20th century through a central theme. A woman’s dream of escaping the boundaries that society has placed on her dissipates when she learns of her lover’s untimely death. Of the many images in this poem, the constant motions of the flowers and waterdrops, the dress the woman is wearing, and her daydreams of her lover are most crucial in developing this theme of freedom. In the beginning of the poem, as well as throughout the work, the speaker describes daffodils and other types of flowers moving freely in the wind. Using imagery to appeal to the reader’s sense of sight, these flowers are given motion, and they are described as, "†¦blowing," (3) and "Flutter[ing] in the breeze," (23). This creates a sense of freedom and flexibility. The woman in the poem, presumably Amy, wishes to be like the moving flowers, carefree and jaunty. In the second stanza of the poem, the woman begins to describe the water in the marble fountain. The, "†¦plashing of waterdrops," (28) and, "†¦plopping of the waterdrops," (54) describe liquid in motion. ...

War of the Rats Essays -- David L. Robbins Literature Essays

War of the Rats War of the Rats, written by David L. Robbins, and the movie Stalingrad, directed by Joseph Vilsmaier, are two excellent sources to be used in furthering one’s understanding of the second world war and specifically the battle of Stalingrad. Both of these sources cover generally the same material. They both are dramas about the battle of Stalingrad, yet each has their own unique perspective upon the war. These two sources can be used together to increase one’s knowledge on the subject at hand. War of the Rats, a book that has been recently published is basically a war inside of a war. It focuses more on a personal battle of two men then it does on the battle of Stalingrad on a whole. The book has four main characters and is mostly based on these people. Robbins seems more content on telling his drama he is revealing to the reader then giving actual historical accounts on the battle of Stalingrad. Robbins story starts out about the Russians skilled assassin, Army Chief Master Sergeant Visily Zaitsev. Zaitsev is a famed sniper, known for killing the opposing Germans with ease. The Germans realize how dangerous of a weapon Zaitsev is, and counter with their own master sniper, S.S. Colonel Heinz Throvald. Throvald is sent with one mission; kill Zaitsev. Also included in the plot of Robbins’ book are Tania Chernova, Zaitsev’s assistant, and Corporal Nikki Mood, a composite German soldier. Tanis Chernova and Vasily Zaitsev eventually fall in love. The novel eventually ends with the two master snipers, Throvald and Zaitsev, crossing each other’s paths. In somewhat of a cliffhanger, the book finishes off with both Throvald and Zaitsev putting crosshairs on each other’s head. Although it is very entert... ...ery educational. Both are based on factual events. War of the Rats is more about two individual people than the actual war, but still gives a brief overview about the battle of Stalingrad. Stalingrad focuses on the suffering of the German soldiers and probably is more useful than the War of the Rats in the sense that it covers the actual war more. However, both are highly recommended and go hand in hand. One would probably understand the importance of the Second World War on the Eastern Front in world history most if he or she looked into both sources. Works Cited Beschner, M. George, and Alfred S. Friedman. Youth Drug Abuse. Toronto: D.C. Heath, 1980. Dogan, Shamed. â€Å"Legal Drinking Age Should Drop to 18.† High Ground.com. 1997 February 14, 1997 Group Survey of 100 people. â€Å"Should the Legal Drinking Age Be Lowered to Eighteen?† May 25, 2000

Biography of a Successful Person.Docx Uploaded Successfully

Biography of a Successful Person Lai Chee-Ying, Jimmy (1948 – ) Jimmy Lai was born in Guangdong in 1948. He illegally immigrated to Hong Kong when he was 12. Jimmy found Giordano in 1975. In 1990, Jimmy established Next Media Ltd. Its Apple Daily and Next Weekly are two of the most popular newspapers and magazines nowadays in Hong Kong. Jimmy expanded his media business to Taiwan in 2001. He owns wealth over 3 billion HK dollars. Jimmy is a creative businessman. He demonstrated his innovative ideas no matter in garment or media industry. Garment Industry: GiordanoUnder the leading of Jimmy Lai, Giordano has become one of the leading clothing retailers in Hong Kong and owned over 200 stores since the beginning of 1990s. Jimmy brought a new practice to staff management on the retail business: outstanding sales would be rewarded for double salary. This policy was totally new to clothing retail industry at that time. Besides, Jimmy initiated the policy of â€Å"free to try and ch ange with requiring a reason† for Giordano. It gave great confidence to the customers and built a good brand image. Media Industry: Next Media Next Media Limited was found in 1990.What makes Jimmy Lai a creative businessman is that he has turned printed media into many innovative usages. Turning Newspaper to Direct Selling: AdMart AdMart was a Hong Kong online and phone retailer. Jimmy Lai used the enormous network and media coverage of his Apple Daily to turn a newspaper to a menu for direct selling. AdMart had been the hot topic in Hong Kong after few months it launched. Jimmy Lai’s creative business idea had fitted in many feature of the Hong Kong society at that period. First, it was in a downturn of economy, people were looking for economical alternatives other than traditional supermarkets.Second, the increasing unemployment provided sufficient manpower for the delivery service of AdMart. Third, Apple Daily was one of the biggest printed media in Hong Kong. AdMart enjoyed the best marketing advantage among all other retail competitors. The launch of AdMart had once been a great challenge to the top retailers in Hong Kong: Parknshop and Wellcome. Although AdMart was closed due to the certain scandals of quality of goods and price war, AdMart was still the first try to turn media business into direct selling business.Turning Newspaper to Television Another creative business idea comes from Jimmy Lai is the Apple Action News. It is a video service provided by Next Media Limited to report most of the news from Apple Daily. Jimmy Lai realizes that many people prefer videos more than words and they like exaggerated reporting method. He starts the Apple Action News to capture this segment. Through YouTube and smartphone applications, Apple Action News has become one of the most popular information or entertaining media for Hong Kong and Taiwan consumers.It has successfully turned printed media into to videos and boosted up the consumer awareness to both Apple Daily and Apple Action News. Turning Newspaper to Banners Jimmy Lai is good at marketing his brands. One of his most creative ideas to promote the brand of Apple Daily is to turn newspaper to banners. Apply Daily’s political status is against to the government. It always supports those antigovernment protests. On the days of large protests such as 1st of July and 4th June, Apple Daily provides banners in its first page for readers and protesters.While some people might think that it is a waste of money, it gains opportunities to advertise Apple Daily for free. While all media in Hong Kong would report those large protests, they must take photos about the situation. As Apple Daily provides free banners for protesters, you will see people raising Apple Daily in the photos of different newspapers’ headlines. First, Apple Daily makes use of the protest opportunity to get free advertisement for its brand in different newspapers. Second, it could create a brand i mage that many people are reading Apple Daily.Third, providing banners helps Apple Daily to boost the sales on protest days since some of the protesters would purchase Apple Daily for the banners. This creative marketing idea has never been used by other media in Hong Kong. Jimmy Lai is a successful businessman who uses his creativity to develop new rules and trends in industries. His success in media industry makes him well known by everyone every Hong Kong. Meanwhile, Jimmy Lai is also a writer of over 15 books published by Next Media Limited. He is also a devout Catholic. ——————————————– 1 ]. Jimmy Lai (2007, January 27). . World Journal Book Store, Author Introduction [ 2 ]. Next Media Ltd. – Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Next Media Ltd. http://www. referenceforbusiness. com/history2/91/Next-Media-Ltd. html#ixzz2 AeOTMYpb [ 3 ]. (2000, July 12). . http://big. hi138. com/? i201715 [ 4 ]. Official Website of Apple Daily, http://hk. dv. nextmedia. com/ [ 5 ]. – , http://hk. 88db. com/hk/Knowledge/Knowledge_Detail. page? kid=14558

Why Did the Us Introduce Marshall Aid

Why did the US introduce Marshall Aid? The main reason why the US introduced Marshall Aid was to prevent the spread of Communism. In 1946 almost the whole of Eastern Europe was Communist, this was due to the actions of Stalin, he wanted to build up a line of countries around Russia and use them as a â€Å"buffer zone† to protect the USSR from being attacked. Britain had troops in Greece and was fighting a Civil War against the Communists in fear that it too would fall under Stalin's Communist rule.The USA stepped in when the British announced that they could no longer afford to keep their troops in Greece, Truman feared that the whole of Eastern Europe would become Communist (the idea of Communism was very popular in times of hardship, the communists believed that the wealth of the richest people should be shared out among the poor) so he agreed to pay for military supplies, weapons, economic aid and British troops to be sent to Greece and Turkey.The USA's aid soon became know n as The Truman Doctrine. This was the idea that communism should not be allowed to grow and gain territory, and that it was America's ‘duty' to fight for liberty. It was agreed that they would send resources to any Government that was threatened by communism. The Truman Doctrine was significant as it divided the world, showing that Capitalism and Communism were in opposition, which suggested that the East and the West could no longer co-operate.This emphasised the many difference between them. The Marshall Plan started the Truman Doctrine in June 1947, when it was announced that $17 billion should be given to Europe to help rebuild their inefficient economy and prevent the spread of communism. For the USA, Marshall Aid was introduced to make the idea of Capitalism appear more appealing, it was also introduced to try and prevent communism spreading.This now highlights how terrified they were of Communism and to what extent they would go to prevent it influencing the whole of E urope. For the countries in Europe that received aid through the Marshall Plan it was seen as a way of rebuilding their economies and preventing communism in their own country.

Censoring Huckleberry Finn

Looking back at the researchers, teachers and students of Huckleberry Finn, we all know that high school grows, finds yourself, and is a time to experience different personality of different people. It will also help you prepare for a world that can quickly deal with various people and situations. If you forgive some part of the real world, you are not ready to face life problems and dilemmas. Truncated Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn is a typical example of closing the real world. In an iterative discussion on whether to reexamine Huckleberry Finn Adventures for high school students, I firmly stand on the side of the insects of traditionalism books encouraging the importance of literature as a lens of observation history I will. . Of course, studying the cultural outputs of every society provides a window to history - enter the intellectual and emotional advantages and disadvantages of humans living at different times or places. For this reason, students should be encouraged to learn art, vision, architecture, music and literature from a wide range of societies and from many eras. Huckleberry Fin's adventure, also known as Mark Twain's novel Huckleberry Finn's Adventure, was published in the UK in 1884 and was published in the United States in 1885. The narrator of this book is Huckleberry Finn. That young man, the oral and dignified speech is perfectly adapted to the scene's detailed, poetic explanation, the brilliant facial expression of the character, and a wide range of comedy. And interpretation of a sophisticated satirical story. Hack escaped his abused father with a raft on a voyage that was long interrupted along with his companion, the runaway slave, and the Mississippi River. On the road, Hack encountered various characters and types, this book depicts almost all people who unforgettably live on the river or along the river. Because of these experiences, Hack learns to overcome traditional racial prejudices and respect and love Jim. Mark Twain's satiri cal work Mark Twain, published in 1885, is his novel Tom Sawyer's Adventure published in 1875. It is a sequel. Huckleberry Finn talks about young teenager Huckleberry Finn and his friendship with Jim, an uneducated slave who escaped from the Mississippi River at various roles and events. The background of the novels occurred in the prewar era of America where slavery and racial prejudice were at the forefront of social problems.

Injectronics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Injectronics - Essay Example Automotive maintenance has undergone radical changes since the introduction of electronics as well as mechatronics in vehicles. Rapid introduction of computer controls to operate engines, steering, braking, suspension and other safety and transmission or comfort functions in today’s vehicles is a huge challenge to both service processes and manufacturing technologies along with failure diagnosis requirements. Many of the modifications in automotive repairs are a result of the initiation of microcontrollers and other electronics in functions within a vehicle. These changes require the remanufacturing companies for such electronic components to improve as significant changes are continually taking place in the industry (Weiland, n.d). Before the advent of electronic controllers, definition of automotive remanufacturing was clear: meaning the renovation of used vehicle parts in accordance with the accepted state so that they can perform similar to new ones. This conventional rema nufacturing may be relevant in future to mechatronics; nevertheless, the definition will be tailored for electronic controllers. ... Currently, vehicles average 35 microprocessors in a vehicle, which are located in various several electronic modules throughout a vehicle and range from simple applications to sophisticated engine controls. The high content level highlights the importance of long-term service plan for electronic control modules. In these vehicles, the service expectations include corresponding electronic modules at least every 4-10 years’ service life with most vehicles lasting 15 years; nevertheless, other vehicles have a high service life of up to 25 years or more. Electronic modules present a difficult service challenge due to many factors such as the fact that microprocessor manufacturers and network manufacturers never have the volume requirements in the service life of a vehicle in order to maintain a production line for producing these service components (APRA global connection, 2009). Market and Competitors Most Electronic Control Module (ECM) utilise four to eight custom-produced micr oprocessors to deter competitors and grey marketers capable of replicating the electronic control module. Therefore, electronic components are often produced in a limited manner and usually the first components to be given as end-of-life production. Remanufacturing of electronic modules is possible through the availability of sold units removed from vehicles or cores; thus, injectronic faces the challenges of maintaining a sufficient collection system that maintains constant return of failed units to sustain the remanufacturing program. Moreover, the core is a failed unit, which has been in use within vehicles for several years; therefore, it is likely that the part is not the latest part since many revisions could have

How to Write a Paper that Gives the Author's Own Argument Essay

How to Write a Paper that Gives the Author's Own Argument - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the paragraphs that follow the thesis statement are logically organized and all follow the thesis statement and points that are made. Each clearly defines one point that relates to the main topic. The paragraphs also give examples and opinions that are followed by facts. Each of the paragraphs works independently to show the main point of the essay while providing an organization that relates to the overall thesis of the paper. More importantly, each of the paragraphs in the paper moves through a chronological order that defines the process of writing, editing and creating a solid paper. For an individual who is learning to write an essay, this provides effective methods that are logical and supported through the thesis. Even though there are adequate points in the body paragraphs, some of the details provided are irrelevant. The examples that are given and some of the statements made drive away from the main thesis and take away from th e objective of the paper. For instance, in paragraph 4, the author begins speaking about organization processes for a thesis paper and not having this as being a distraction. The very next sentence distracts the reader by talking about a television or a younger sister screaming. The reader begins to think about these situations, as opposed to the organization needed to write a paper. The concepts in the paper can be improved with revisions that would enhance the paper. The most important revision to make is from the unnecessary statements and examples that take the reader out of the main subject of the paper.

Cyber Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Cyber Law - Essay Example Therefore, an analysis of all of the above will begin below, starting with the legality of Naj’s actions and whether or not he needs to give Sarah the information she is asking for. Advise Naja of the legality of his actions, and whether he needs to give Sarah the information she is asking for. One of the issues in this question deals with Sarah’s right to privacy. The advent of new communication technologies including the distribution of personal information; the acceleration of the speed of communication through e-mail, IM, social networking and the like; and the ability of employers to electronically monitor employees has made this a hot-button issue.1 As employers cannot reasonably take the Internet and e-mail away from their employees without hurting the company's efficiency, there must be a balance between the need for employers to provide the Internet for business-related functions and reasonable personal use, and the employees tendency to abuse their privilege. Therefore, employers increasingly turn to tools such as monitoring employee e-mail and Internet usage, and disciplining employees who abuse the privilege.2 Employers typically do this with software that reads, intercepts and monitor's employee's electronic e-mail and Internet usage, much to the consternation of many employees.3 At present, â€Å"employers can lawfully intercept, search and read any messages stored in workplace computers because courts have ruled that employees have no expectation of privacy in workplace electronic communications.†4 As employee abuse of e-mail and Internet privileges can have severe consequences - in addition to lost productivity, such abuses also open the employer up to security breaches, viruses and hacking, not to mention that employees commit crimes against their employers more than third parties5 - there is a definite need for employers to subject their employees to surveillance. Then there is the issue of â€Å"cyberslacking,† whi ch is just like it sounds – employees abusing their privilege and taking away valuable company time with their personal on-line activities, which leads to loss of productivity and theft of company resources.6 However, employees have rights as well, and there are a number of different UK cases and statutes that are implicated in employee surveillance. One such is the Human Rights Act 1998, which states in Article 8 that â€Å"everyone has a right to respect for his private†¦correspondence.†7 Courts have interpreted this particular Act in a variety of ways that would be pertinent to the question of employee surveillance. For instance, the court in Halford v. UK [1997] I.R.L.R. 471 (1997). This court found that intercepting phone calls made from an employee on business premises was a breach of the employee’s privacy.8 This decision was upheld in Valenzuela Contreras v. Spain (1998) 28 E.H.R.R. 4839 and Douglas v. Hello Ltd. [2001] QB 96710. Other decisions per tinent was the decision in Niemitz v. Germany (1992) 16 E.H.H.R.R. 97, in which the search of a lawyer’s office invaded his private life.11 However, the right to privacy is not absolute – if the employer has a legitimate concern that is being furthered by the seizure, which a surveillance would be considered to be, then the employer would be held to be